ITCs cigarette Business Essay Example

ITCs cigarette Business Essay High incidence of taxation continuously has been a deterrent to ITCs cigarette Business. Taxes amount to over 80% of the value added in the cigarette industry, hence making cigarettes increasingly unaffordable to the Indian tobacco consumer. There are about 200 million tobacco consumers in India, and of them, fewer than 14% can afford cigarettes, although cigarettes contributes 90% of total Central and State revenues generated from tobacco sector. Non-cigarette forms of tobacco consumption, constituting nearly 85% of tobacco consumption in the country, contribute barely 10% of Government revenues because of the difficulty of tax collection and the low tax yields that characterize this largely unorganized sector. There has been a prolonged punitive and discriminatory taxation regime at Central and State levels have made cigarettes unaffordable to the majority of tobacco consumers. Also, Non-cigarette forms of tobacco products are largely produced in the unorganized sector characterized by lower rates of tax and ineffective enforcement. As a result, there is a growing migration to lower value forms of tobacco consumption. Just to illustrate, in 2003, the effective excise duty on most tobacco products other than cigarettes is equivalent to about 12% of the net value of the product whereas on cigarettes this component is as high as 140%. Moreover in 2003, VAT was introduced on cigarettes already subject to a plethora of taxes. The export prospects were affected by the uncertainty and diminished market presence caused by the crop holidays in Andhra Pradesh. We will write a custom essay sample on ITCs cigarette Business specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on ITCs cigarette Business specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on ITCs cigarette Business specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As a result, the export attractiveness of Indian tobaccos is caught up in a vicious cycle to the growing detriment of the tobacco farmers. Also, small base of domestic cigarette consumption discourages investment in RD and quality enhancement of tobacco varieties thereby sub-optimizing the export potential of tobacco. There was also threat from contraband trade of cigarettes aided with loopholes in the regulatory framework and lack of effective enforcement. In 2004-05, severe restrictions were imposed on the cigarettes industry with respect to advertisement, sale and consumption of tobacco products with the implementation of the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade, Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 2003 (COTPA). All these in totality made cigarette business less profitable and more challenging. As a result, ITC started diversifying into multiple businesses. While exploring new opportunities, for long term growth, ITC depended on its multiple strengths synergies that it could bring about from its existing businesses. We discuss few of such businesses in detail in the following sections. The mill at Bhadrachalam produces 240,000 TPY of papers and boards and has three board machines and two smaller paper machines. The mill produces paperboards for the packaging and graphics segments with a product range that includes Cyber XLPac (folding box boards), Pearl/Saphire Graphik (solid bleached boards) high value boards and the Ecoviron range of recycled boards. It also makes liquid packaging boards for Tetrapak in India. One of the big innovations at this mill has been the commissioning of an Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) fibre line. This is a state-of-the-art line which meets the effluent norms set by the Ministry of Environment and Forests of the Government of India and thus ties in with the Environment theme in its Triple Bottomline. The Tribeni Tissues unit was initially part of the Wiggins Teape Company, UK from 1961 to 1988. In 1992, it merged with ITC Ltd. The mill and its paper machines were refurbished with the latest technology. It has a capacity of 33,000 TPY with a product range that includes cigarette tissues, fine papers, packaging papers and specialties. The range from papers produced is quite diverse including Cigarette Tissues and Components, Laminating Base Tissue, Acid-Free and Anti-Rust Tissues, Low Grammage Printing Papers, Di cor Papers to Insulation Grade and Medical Grade Papers. The unit is ISO 9001:2000 version and ISO 14001 accredited. ITC has another paperboard facility at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu which was acquired from BILT Industrial Packaging Company in 2004. This mill manufactures Coated Duplex boards Greyback and Whiteback made with 100% recycled materials and has a single board machine with 90,000 TPY of capacity. The products are continuously monitored for quality using a Siemens DCS system and Measurex QCS system. Quality as in other ITC units is a big focus and the mill has continuously demonstrated quality having achieved ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certifications. The delivery of rolls and sheets is ensured by a modern Finishing House with short turnaround times. Eco Naturo and Eco Naturo-HS are the two grades of Coated Duplex Grey Back board made from this unit. For almost the first time in India, a customer has the option to buy a higher bulk and stiffness of Greyback Board (GD2 grade) for his carton requirements. The unit at Bollarum near Hyderabad produces 5000 TPY of Cast Coated Papers and Boards, 10,000 TPY of Poly Extrusion coated boards and 10000 TPY of C2S art boards and Ivory cards. It is the market leader in South Asia in carton boards and ranks second in turnover within the Indian paper industry. Most leading Fast Moving Consumer Goods Brands in India use paperboard manufactured at this location. Exports constitute about 20% of sales and cater to international markets in Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Iran, Australia, UAE, Turkey, China, Singapore, UK, Greece, Germany and USA. The unit is ISO 9001:2000 series accredited.

Free Essays on Teen Stress

Teens and Stress: How do they Deal? Beth has had practice for a play four nights a week for the last month. She also has three projects due by Friday, including an English paper. Besides this, Beth has been fighting off a cold and has continued to work at her part time job of twenty hours a week. One night at home Beth’s mother asked her to do the dinner dishes, it was the last straw. â€Å"Why do I always have to do the dishes?† Beth shouts. â€Å"It’s not fair, I am tired of doing everything!† Before her mother can answer, Beth turns and stomps upstairs to her room. The mother just doesn’t understand why Beth could be so upset. Beth’s blowup is a reaction to stress. Many teenagers around the world know how Beth feels. Teenagers deal with stress everyday. Stress is the physical and mental pressure you feel from certain circumstances (Kowalski 2). Stress also affects your entire body. When there is a stressful event your body automatically causes the adrenal glands to release adrenaline. The brain of the body also signals the pituitary gland to release another hormone called ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). With all the hormones releasing at once it causes the heart rate and blood pressure to rise in the body. Which causes the blood to move away from the digestive system toward the brain and muscles, and leaves the stomach feeling upset (Kowalski 7). One of the many steps in dealing with stress is to first identify the problem and the causes. Everyone experiences some stress but teenagers have the most (Johnson 14). According to Donald Freedheim from Case Western Reserve University, that the teenage years present challenges and that teens go through many biological changes (Kowalski 7). Many other causes of teenage stress comes from school work, grades, college, and jobs. Many teens are dealing with identity and independence problems at the same time. All of these experiences add up until finally the teen blows u... Free Essays on Teen Stress Free Essays on Teen Stress Teens and Stress: How do they Deal? Beth has had practice for a play four nights a week for the last month. She also has three projects due by Friday, including an English paper. Besides this, Beth has been fighting off a cold and has continued to work at her part time job of twenty hours a week. One night at home Beth’s mother asked her to do the dinner dishes, it was the last straw. â€Å"Why do I always have to do the dishes?† Beth shouts. â€Å"It’s not fair, I am tired of doing everything!† Before her mother can answer, Beth turns and stomps upstairs to her room. The mother just doesn’t understand why Beth could be so upset. Beth’s blowup is a reaction to stress. Many teenagers around the world know how Beth feels. Teenagers deal with stress everyday. Stress is the physical and mental pressure you feel from certain circumstances (Kowalski 2). Stress also affects your entire body. When there is a stressful event your body automatically causes the adrenal glands to release adrenaline. The brain of the body also signals the pituitary gland to release another hormone called ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). With all the hormones releasing at once it causes the heart rate and blood pressure to rise in the body. Which causes the blood to move away from the digestive system toward the brain and muscles, and leaves the stomach feeling upset (Kowalski 7). One of the many steps in dealing with stress is to first identify the problem and the causes. Everyone experiences some stress but teenagers have the most (Johnson 14). According to Donald Freedheim from Case Western Reserve University, that the teenage years present challenges and that teens go through many biological changes (Kowalski 7). Many other causes of teenage stress comes from school work, grades, college, and jobs. Many teens are dealing with identity and independence problems at the same time. All of these experiences add up until finally the teen blows u...

Essay 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

2 - Essay Example Said traces most of his perceptive from the colonial era at a time when America had not become the world’s superpower. At this time, the British had colonies in the East and the French was also on the verge of establishing dynasties in the same location. The paper identifies, interprets and analyzes some of the proponents of the Said for use as a lens in the analysis of a primary text. Said pinpoints some assumptions made by the West about the Orient. He assumes that the West perceives Arabs as dishonest, menacing, anti-western and irrational. The text reveals that the thoughts presented in it are in opposition to how he considers the West to think of themselves (5). Therefore, he outlines his broadly projected image of the people of Arabic nature as they feature in the minds of the Western people. Specifically, he acknowledges that the Arabs exist in the western minds as â€Å"others.† According to them, anyone who is not one of them belongs to the category of others. The author addresses his issues using assumptions that one may risk considering to be truthful (7). If one takes such a positive stance, his ideologies and relations with the Arabs may be jeopardized. Hence, while considering Said’s arguments one should be cautious to avoid bias. The call for a new perception and treatment of â€Å"the Orient† that permits the independent representation of authors who belong to the Orient as opposed to the reliance on the second-hand representation is valuable. In respect to the profound dependence on other personalities for ideas, it is significant to notice the widespread use of the word â€Å"orient† on almost half of the world. The mentioning of a greater part of the world as orient expands the bracket of disparity and intensifies the divide on ideology and identity. However, making such broad generalization is unwarranted in the modern day as nations such as Egypt and the Chinese that have achieved a significant level of

Strategy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategy Paper - Essay Example As mentioned, a bachelor’s degree is not directly proportional to outstanding performance. It is on this premise that our front liners – the people who will deal and interact directly with customers and suppliers – do not essentially need to be degree holders, but should have sufficient expertise in this field, and should have delivered excellent performance in their respective fields during previous work experiences. Customer Service is one of the company’s first priority as it reflects the values and objectives of the company, and this is something not really learned within the confines of a classroom, but in an actual interactive environment where one begins to learn and understand the needs of a customer. To further enhance the company front liners, they will also be subject to trainings and workshops that would contribute to the betterment of their performances. Same amount of regard would be given to the company’s sales and marketing teams, as they will be the backbone of the company. They will be given specific goals to achieve as far as sales are concerned. The Marketing team will likewise be given quantifiable objectives that could be equated to the success of the sales team. Each employee’s contribution definitely makes up for the company’s success, therefore making it crucial to find the right people who would deliver results for the company. 10-8 ensures that its workforce is maximized by giving high regards to the collective achievement of the team members, not only to individual performances. This way, each team member’s potential will be utilized in a manner whereby the results would always reflect to the team as a whole. 10-8’s core value is to give back to the community, and this is reflected in the company’s marketing and business strategy. The management would like to position the company as a

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Microeconomics - Essay Example The price of a one carrot diamond is $10,000, while the price of 100 gallons of tap water is $0.50 (Textbook, 2007). The diamond – water paradox proves that the utility of a resource does not necessarily affect its price. The economical explanation of the diamond – water paradox is based on the law of demand and supply. The application of this law implies the reason the prices of diamonds are so high is based on the short supply of diamonds across the world (Varian, 2003). The prices of purified water sold in 20 ounce bottle units follow to certain extend same logic as the diamond – tap water paradox. Bottle water’s price is much higher than the water that comes into people’s home through its pluming system. To put the price in perspective with 100 gallons of water a company could prepare 640 twenty once bottles of water which retails at $1 a piece implying the market value of purified bottle water is 1040 times than the value of tap water. The quality of the product, its positive health benefit, its good refreshing taste and the formula that provides drinkable water at its optimum state of quality it can be to be consumed by humans. The marginal utility of bottle water is very suspect in comparison to tap water. The water in bottles has a market value which makes it an item that can only be used to be drank by a person, on the other hand tap water can used consumed orally by humans as well as a variety of other uses such as fro c leaning, to run machinery as a cooling agent, and many other uses. Tap water is way cheaper and has more used than bottle water. Water is a valuable liquid that is generally available at very low prices for most of the world’s population. In the continent of Africa in general water is not readily available for many villages across the African nation. The utility and value of water for a community is tremendous. If water is in a state of scarcity in a region the social political system is destroyed and a chaotic

Health and Safety Strategies in Construction

Health and Safety Strategies in Construction INTRODUCTION: Good health and safety at work is not only important in human terms, but it is also one of the most effective ways to ensure that the enterprises are successful and sustainable. Simple cost benefit analysis will not be the appropriate way to look towards the issue of health and safety, as it is almost impossible to determine the cost of unquantifiable losses such as suffering, pain caused to the affected person and his family, loss in mobility, etc. Good health and safety of their employees is not only the moral obligation of the enterprises, but it comes along with the legal bindings as well. Key legislations like Health and Safety at Work Act (HSWA) 1974, Construction Design and Management (CDM) 1994 and many more like these have made it almost impossible for the businesses to ignore this area. Also, not to forget, there are many financial aspects attached to it. Factors like disruption, claims for damages, loss of confidence in management and loss of goodwill might impact the economy of business substantially, sometimes leading them to the total collapse. Hence, it is very important for any organization to follow the existing policies, to keep track of ne w updates in rules and regulations and to be innovative in finding out the ways to reduce risks. The Manchester Joint Hospitals Project has already demonstrated a better-than-average safety record. Build quality and productivity have been excellent. Other projects in the North-West England are recognising the change and following the example. But all these positive results should not stop an organization from finding out the new ways to reduce the risk at work. Following actions have already been taken on the construction site by keeping the key legislations for respective action in mind, failing to comply with which, the company and management would have been prosecuted. Actions and their respective legislations are as given below: Development of Safety Committee: HSWA 1974, s.2(4) Stop Work Procedure : HSWA 1974, s.2(1) Safety Representatives Training : HSWA 1974, s.2(7) Few initiatives are mentioned below, which will help in to improve safety, health and welfare on site. It may also help the project to become a role model, which others would like to follow. Initiatives 1) Substance abuse at work: It can be described as the overindulgence in and dependence of a drugor other chemical leading to effects that are detrimental to the individuals physical and mental health, or the welfareof others. Most of the people and organizations still think that alcohol or drug addiction is personal matter as long as it takes off the work place. But they fail to recognise the long term effects of this addiction on that person. Typical response from management on such issues would be: Collusion: Either turn a blind eye towards the problem or reduce the effect of the problem by, for example, transferring the employee. Dismissal: Terminate the employee from the organization. But, the two solutions mentioned above can at the most, reduce the effect of the problem or removes effect on the workplace. A more sympathetic and decisive approach would be to motivate employees in the initial stage of their problem. An employer must analyse and investigate the existing as well as the potential problems and consult employees and their representatives. Following remedial measures should be taken to overcome this issue. A written substance abuse policy A supervisory training program An employee education and awareness program Access to an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) A drug testing program, where appropriate Barriers: Employment contracts: It is very difficult to change employment contract terms of existing employees without ample consultation and without giving convincing reason for doing so. Confidentiality: Employees seeking help for a substance abuse might be reluctant to approach management in the initial stage, as they will be sceptical about the confidentiality of their matter. Hence it the duty of the employer to respect the privacy of the respective employee. Key Legislation under which initiative should be taken: According to HSWA 1974 S.1 (1a), it is preliminary duty of the employer to secure health safety and welfare of persons at work. As per HSWA 1974 S.2 (1), general duties of employer, it requires employer to ensure, so far as is reasonable practicable, health, safety and welfare at work of all his employees. In HSWA 1974 section 7(a), general duties of employees at work, it places every employee at work under an obligation to take reasonable care of their own health and safety and that of others who may be affected. Also HSWA 1974 section 3(1) and s2 (3) put emphasis on employers for conducting an undertaking for health and safety risks and policy. 2) Artificial Optical Radiation: According to Eurofound (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions), optical radiation can be defined as any electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range between 100 nm and 1 nm. It is further divided into ultraviolet radiation, visible radiation and infrared radiation. Exposure to UV radiations from sun can lead to skin damage like sunburn, skin aging, blistering, sun beds and long term exposure can sometimes, may lead to skin cancer. As per Health and Safety Executive guidance, people with the pale skin, especially those with the fair or red hair, are at the maximum risk, whereas, people with black or brown skin are at the lowest risk. But, people of all skin colours are susceptible to overheating and dehydration. As an employer we can: Include sun protection advice on regular health and safety training. Provide appropriate protective equipments to the workers who are exposed to artificial optical radiations. Instruct workers to keep covered up while working in the sun, especially during summer. Encourage workers to take breaks in the shade instead of standing in the sun. Provide site water points and rest area in shade. Schedule work to minimize exposure. Conduct regular skin check up of the workers who are exposed to sun quite frequently. Barriers: Workers may avoid covering entire body with clothes or protective equipments, as they can feel bit restricted in moving the body while working. Negligent attitude of workers can lead them to long term exposure to the optical radiations. Key Legislation under which initiative should be taken: As of now, there is no legal obligation on employers to provide outdoor workers with sun cream or sunglasses, but HSE encourages employers to include sun protection advice in routine health and safety training. But The European Parliament and Council have introduced directive (2006/25/EC) on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to risks arising from optical radiation. It contains provisions on risk assessment, control of exposure, health surveillance and information, instruction and training. Member States have until 27 April 2010 to transpose the Directive and implement its requirements. 3) Noise at work: Long term exposure to high frequency noise at work can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss. Sudden hearing loss can be caused immediately by extremely loud, explosive noises. But in most of the cases, hearing loss is a gradual process because of prolonged exposure to noise. As per the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005, employers have following duties: Assess the risk to the employees Take action to reduce the noise exposure which may produce risk Otherwise provide employees hearing protection Stay within the legal limits of noise exposure Provide employees with information, instruction and training Barriers: Workers may feel isolated after wearing noise protective equipment, hence might avoid using it. Workers might find it difficult to use protective equipments along with hard hats. So if the wide range of equipments is not available, workers will try to avoid using them. Workers may find it difficult to follow instructions given by supervisor while working. It may lead workers to avoid using protective equipments. Key Legislation under which initiative should be taken: According to HSWA 1974 S.1 (1a), it is preliminary duty of the employer to secure health safety and welfare of persons at work. As per HSWA 1974 S.2 (1), general duties of employer, it requires employer to ensure, so far as is reasonable practicable, health, safety and welfare at work of all his employees. The Noise Control at Work Regulations 1989 and 2005 requires employers to prevent or reduce risks to health and safety of employees from exposure to noise at work. Conclusion: The Manchester Joint Hospital Project has already been achieving better-than-average safety record. Many other projects in north-west England have already been starting to follow the project. With the implementation of initiatives suggested above, by keeping barriers in mind and trying to emulate them at the time of implementation, this project can achieve new heights in the record books of health and safety and can become a role model, which every other project in the country would like to follow.

Effective Use of Pathos and Connotative Language :: Analysis Hawaii Culture Essays

Effective Use of Pathos and Connotative Language The Hawaiian culture is known throughout the western world for their extravagant luaus, beautiful islands, and a language that comes nowhere near being pronounceable to anyone but a Hawaiian. Whenever someone wants to â€Å"get away† their first thought is to sit on the beach in Hawai’i with a Mai tai in their hand and watch the sun go down. Haunani-Kay Trask is a native Hawaiian educated on the mainland because it was believed to provide a better education. She questioned the stories of her heritage she heard as a child when she began learning of her ancestors in books at school. Confused by which story was correct, she returned to Hawai’i and discovered that the books of the mainland schools had been all wrong and her heritage was correctly told through the language and teachings of her own people. With her use of pathos and connotative language, Trask does a fine job of defending her argument that the western world destroyed her vibrant Hawaiian culture. In the beginning of her paper, Trask wastes no time in bringing the reader into her essay. â€Å"E noi’I wale mai no ka haole, a, ‘a’ ole e pau na hana a Hawai’i ‘imi loa.† â€Å"Let the white man freely research us in detail, but the doings of deep delving Hawai’i will not be exhausted.† (Trask, 175) Kepeino said this, a nineteenth century Hawaiian historian, in response to the white mans involvement to Hawaiian history. Using an expert’s opinion as support she backs her argument up without hesitation. The quote states that if the white man deems it necessary to unveil the doings of Hawaiians, let them come; they will not find what they are looking for. The connotative language used sounds much like an invitation to be sought out. She gets under the readers skin, making it hard for them not to support her side of the argument. Trask uses pathos as her main tactic to support her argument. She gets close to the audiences’ hearts to gain sympathies from them. She introduces Hawaiian words such as â€Å"‘Ohana† (family), a personal subject to most people, to make them feel more comfortable in the setting of the essay. If one feels they are apart of something, they are more likely to take up with you and fight for what you believe in.